BSD

Shkolim -14b (2) -15a

Tishrei 27, 5784. 10/29/2024

 

A Gezunten Vinter to All!

1- We concluded the ‘4 or 5 coupons‘ sold in the בית המקדש for people bringing קרבנות.

See final chart below.

2- We discussed that 3 of the coupons had the name of an animal. עֵגֶל זָכָר גְּדִי

However the fourth had the word חוֹטֵא , which was what the מצורע would purchase when he became טהור.

Psoriasis maybe?

The חפץ חיים makes note of this. Becoming a מצורע is a result of לשון הרע. The fact that this person walks around with a negatively worded coupon shows the severity of his wrong doing of speaking לשון הרע.

שמירת הלשון ח”ב ט”ז.

 

3- The משנה says that if someone would lose his coupon, he would need to wait until evening to see if it was found.

מִי שֶׁאָבַד חוֹתָמוֹ מַמְתִּינִין לוֹ עַד הָעֶרֶב. אִם מָצְאוּ לוֹ כְּדֵי חוֹתָמוֹ נוֹתְנִין לוֹ. וְאִם לָאו לֹא הָיוּ נוֹתְנִין לוֹ.

If somebody lost his coupon/ticket, we let him wait until the evening. If they find extra cash corresponding to his ticket we give it to him; otherwise we do not give it to him.

Mentioned the Chasiddisher explanation on the above.

בקיצור

חתמו  means the Divine seal, the  צלם אלוקים , that each person possess.

A person is tasked to hold on dearly to this חותם and ensure that it is not lost.

What happens if, for whatever reason, he ‘loses his coupon’? If his צלם אלוקים  and him part ways?

Not all is lost CV. He is given until ‘evening’. Meaning that he has the ability to reconnect that very evening during קריאת שמע שעל המיטה.

מַמְתִּינִין לוֹ עַד הָעֶרֶב  and if they find him sincere, נוֹתְנִין לוֹ, he receives back his צלם אלוקים .

If not, he is given more chances – ערב ראש חודש and יום כיפור or even at the final ערב , just prior to his passing, because תשובה is always an option.

3- The next משנה discusses two particular offices in the בית המקדש.

לִשְׁכַּת חֲשָׁאִים וְאַחַת לִשְׁכַּת הַכֵּלִים.

One was a ‘silent office’. It was an office that collected and distributed צדקה silently and discreetly. The donors wished to be kept anonymous and the recipients of the צדקה received money in a discreet way and respectable way.

The גמרא continues with various stories of חכמים that practiced this discreet giving. The donors had no clue who the צדקה is going to and the receivers were unaware where the money came from.

4- Our גמרא is one of the primary sources on the topic of giving charity at night.

רִבִּי חִינְנָא בַּר פַּפָּא הֲוָה מַפְלִיג מִצְוָה בַלַּיְלִיָא. חַד זְמַן פְּגַע בֵּיהּ רַבְּהוֹן דְּרוּחַייָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. לֹא כֵן אַלְפָּן רִבִּי. לֹא תַסִּיג גְּבוּל רֵעֲךָ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. לֹא כֵן כְּתִיב מַתָּן בַּסֵּתֶר יִכְפֶּה אָף. וַהֲוָה מִיסְתָּפֵי מִינֵּיהּ וַעֲרַק מִן קוֹמוֹי.

Rebbi Ḥinena bar Pappos used to distribute his charity in the night. Once the prince of spirits encountered him. He said to him, did not our teacher teach us: Do not displace your neighbour’s boundaries1? He said to him, but is it not written, a gift in secret appeases anger2? He was afraid of him and fled from him.

Bottom line is if one is asked for charity one must give even at night.

See letter of the Rebbe here.  here.

 

5- We concluded with this interesting story. Giving צדקה using שכל.

אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה. אַשְׁרֵי נוֹתֵן לַדָּל אֵין כָּתוּב כָּאן אֶלָּא אַשְׁרֵי מַשְׂכִּיל אֶל דָּל. זֶה שֶׁהוּא מִסְתַּכֵּל בַּמִּצְוָה הֵיאַךְ לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ. כֵּיצַד הָיָה רִבִּי יוֹנָה עוֹשֶׂה. כְּשֶׁהָיָה רוֹאֶה בֶן טוֹבִים שֶׁיָּרַד מִנְּכָסָיו הָיָה אוֹמֵר לוֹ. בְּנִי. בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁשָּׁמַעְתִּי שֶׁנָּפְלָה לָךְ יְרוּשָׁה מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר. טוֹל וְאַתְּ פּוֹרֵעַ. מִן דַּהֲיָה נְסִיב הֲוָה אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מַתָּנָה.

Rebbi Jonah said, it is not written, “hail to him who gives to the needy,“ but: hail to him who is considerate to the needy; this refers to him who fulfills this commandment intelligently.

How did Reb Jonah do it? When he saw a son of a prominent family who had lost his property, and was embarrassed to take צדקה, he used to say to him: My son, since I heard that an inheritance fell to you from another place, take what I am giving and you will pay back. When he had taken it, he said to him, it is a gift.

We discussed if that is called not telling the truth and if yes, how it is allowed.

Mentioned the בן איש חי that enumerates all the places in ש”ס where it seems that what was spoken by the חכמים was not אמת. But the אמת is…all they spoke was אמת!

יוסף חיים מבגדאד – הבן איש חי

שו“ת תורה לשמה אות שסד.

בעלי חיים – Sheet1

בס”ד

שניאור מבודפשט – קבר ר’ ברוך- סוכה במדבר

Shneur of Budapest – The grave of Reb Baruch – Sukkos in the desert.

שיעור ג’ חוה”מ סוכות תשפ”ה

10/21/2024

Some brief notes and links:

1 – יקותיאל יהודה גרינוולד הרב  – Rabbi Leopold Greenwald

More here: 

Rabbi, soldier, researcher, historian and prolific writer.

Rabbi Leopold Greenwald in military uniform, ca. 1917, engaged in telegraph work at Serbian front during World War I.

(Note: not peeling potatoes)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Greenwald

2 – Fascinating and tragic story of שניאור בן אפרים.

אימרה סרנצ’ש (בהונגרית: Szerencsés Imre) במקור שניאור בן אפרים או ז(ס)למן בן אפרים או שלמה בן אפרים. בלטינית היה שמו פורטונאטוס, כלומר “בר מזל” ומכאן שמו ההונגרי סרנצ’ש (בר מזל).

SZERENCSÉS, IMRE (Fortunatus ; 1460–1526?), Hungarian apostate; financial adviser to the royal house.

Monument in Hungary

When he arrived in Hungary he was compelled to convert to Christianity and he married a Christian woman of aristocratic birth, although many believe that he secretly remained true to Judaism.

קורות התורה והאמונה בהונגריא, p10

אימרה סרנצ’ש

SZERENCSÉS, IMRE (Fortunatus)

Yivo Article

3 – Shneur’s sons request to be called up for an עליה by their father’s name.

4 – מהר”ם פדובה – Maharam miPadu. Reb Meir Ktznelenbogen.

See above for a list of his interesting descendants, e.g. Felix Mendelssohn.

מאיר קצנלנבוגן

Meïr ben Isaac, who was often called after his native town, was the founder of the Katzenellenbogen family. His mother Julia-Malka Luria was the granddaughter of Aaron Luria, founder of the Luria family and a descendant of Rashi. After studying at Prague under the well-known casuist Jacob Pollak, he went to Padua and entered the yeshiva of Judah Minz, whose granddaughter, Hannah, he afterwards married. He succeeded his father-in-law, Abraham Minz, in the chief rabbinate of Padua, which office he held until his death on 12 January 1565.

hi Gravestone in Padua

5 – His ruling in their favor.

המהר”ם מפדובה דן בשאלה כיצד יוכלו שני אחים, שאביהם היה שר וגדול שהשתמד, לעלות לתורה, שכן כעיקרון אין קוראים בשמו של משומד. עלתה אפשרות לקרוא על שם אבי אביהם הסב, אך גם פתרון זה לא נראה להם, ולפיכך פנו בשאלה זו. המהר”ם מפדובה השיב כי בשל כבוד הבריות של הבנים וכבודו של אביהם, יש בכל זאת לקרוא בשמו, וזאת כדי שלא יפגעו ממעשיו של אביהם המשומד, שהיה כאמור אדם חשוב, שלא ניתן להתעלם ממנו או לא לציין את שמו. לדעתו, כאן עולה נימוק דרכי שלום, שמחמתו יש לקרוא למשומד בשמו.^[4]

6 -יקותיאל יהודה גרינוולד הרב  – Rabbi Leopold Greenwald

His travels and discovery of an interesting grave in Solish – סעליש. His claim that it was the grave of the Alter Rebbe’s father.

מקורות לקורות ישראל ע‘ 91.

 

7 – The rebuttal by many.

https://chabadlibrary.org/books/6502210003

See also soon to be published new edition of the בית רבי.

8 – Was Sukkos and the ד’ מינים observed in the מדבר?

The Rebbe’s says that it was not.

https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=16075&st=&pgnum=594

 

9 –  The פסוקים  beginning with

אַךְ בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי בְּאָסְפְּכֶם אֶת

תְּבוּאַת הָאָרֶץ תָּחֹגּוּ אֶת חַג יְהוָה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן שַׁבָּתוֹן וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי שַׁבָּתוֹן.

Mentioned the מורה נבוכים and הקדמה לפירוש המשניות להרמב”ם.

• The reason for the מצוות of the ימים טובים.
• ‘The Esrog from the time of יהושע’. Not from Moshe.
• The lack of a reason for the לחם הפנים.  See this Shiur. http://www.shiurpoints.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=1854&action=edit

For a synopsis see ימות המשיח בהלכה from Rabbi Avrohom Gerlitzki. Vol 1 page 266.

 

 

BSD

Shkolim -14b

Tishrei 5, 5784. 10/08/2024

First some notes from last week’s Shiur.

1- We concluded discussing the various managers in the בית המקדש where some are remembered in a positive way and other not so.

The גמרא uses the verse זכר צדיק לברכה regarding the righteous ones.

משלי י, ז

זֵכֶר צַדִּיק לִבְרָכָה וְשֵׁם רְשָׁעִים יִרְקָב.

In relation to this we mentioned an interesting Teshuva from the חות יאיר by Reb Yoir Chaim Bachrach. #71. and here

In the 17th century a certain Asher and his son Dovid traveled by boat from Amsterdam to Portugal. The two disappeared (the assumption/rumor was that the boat had sunk) resulting that both their wives were considered עגונות.

Ten years later, a legal notarized document comes across the בית דין  in Amsterdam bearing the signature of one of the witnesses as:

דוד בן אשר ז”ל הכ”מ.

The question is whether the בית דין can now assume that Asher had indeed passed away since his son Dovid, writes ז”ל on his father.

The חות יאיר quotes a precedent (רשב”א) of using שליט”א to verify the identity of an individual. Such as when we want to verify a name on a document but we are unsure who the person is because are two people with the same name. If we see a  שליט”א after the name and only one is alive, we can assume that the one still living is the one written on the שטר.

Would this precedent apply also to ז”ל? Can we assume that this ז”ל is an indication that he is no longer alive?

The חות יאיר says – no!

His rationale is the the source of writing זכרונו לברכה comes from the verse  זכר צדיק לברכה and that  פסוק is not necessarily referring to someone that has deceased. [Just as in our משנה where the righteous managers were mentioned in a positive way while they were still alive].

in other words: שליט”א is used on a live person only. So שליט”א  is an indication that the person is still living. On the other hand,  זכרונו לברכה  can be used also on a live person.

Despite our  מנהג, concludes the חות יאיר, to write the ז”ל only on people that are no longer alive, perhaps in other countries (where this שטר originated)  the term זכרונו לברכה is used on righteous people also while they’re still living.

2- Our גמרא  discusses the wealth of משה רבינו that he acquired from the splinters of precious stones when carving out the second לוחות.

We find the rule that:

אין הנבואה שורה אלא על חכם גיבור ועשיר

And also עניו – he needs to be humble.

Now why does a נביא need to be smart, strong and wealthy?

There is a quip (attributed to many) that עניו is the primary qualification for נבואה. However, if someone is not a חכם גיבור ועשיר then what is he humble about?…

3 – This week we began הלכה ג where the משנה describes the sale of the  נסכים – meaning the flour, oil and wine that accompanied many קרבנות.

The flour and oil were mixed to create a מנחה of which a קמיצה was placed on the מזבח and the balance eaten by the כהנים. The wine was poured into the נקב that was on the top of the  מזבח which flowed to the underground streams.

קרבנות in general were divided into 3 categories, each with a different corresponding מנחה.

1- Bulls/Cows.

2- Sheep/Goats/Lamb.

3- A male sheep over 13 months old.

 

	בעלי חיים				מנחה	בס”ד
Male	זכר	Female	נקבה	Wine	Oil	Flour
bull	פר / שור	cow	פרה	חצי הין יין	חצי הין שמן	שלשה עשרונים סולת
calf	עגל	calf	עגלה
kid	גדי	kid	גדיה	רביעית הין יין	רביעית הין שמן	עשרון סולת
billy goat	שעיר	nanny goat	שעירה	רביעית הין יין	רביעית הין שמן	עשרון סולת
goat	תיש	goat	עז	רביעית הין יין	רביעית הין שמן	עשרון סולת
sheep	כבש	sheep	כבשה	רביעית הין יין	רביעית הין שמן	עשרון סולת
sheep	שה	sheep	שיה	רביעית הין יין	רביעית הין שמן	עשרון סולת
lamb	טלה	lamb	טליה	רביעית הין יין	רביעית הין שמן	עשרון סולת
lamb	גדי	lamb	גדיה	רביעית הין יין	רביעית הין שמן	עשרון סולת
lamb		ewe	+1 רחל	רביעית הין יין	רביעית הין שמן	עשרון סולת
ram	איל +1			שלישית הין יין	שלישית הין שמן	שני עשרונים

4- A person bringing  a קרבן would need to purchase the נסכים from the in-house בית המקדש commissary/store to assure that is טהור.

There were four types of tokens sold. 3 for the above 3 categories and the fourth for a מצורע.

Four tokens were in the Temple; on them was written:

1-  calf,

2-ram,

3- lamb,

4- sinner. poor sinner, rich sinner.

1- Calf” serves for the נסכים of cattle, large or small, male or female.

2- “Lamb” serves for the libations of sheep and goats, large or small, male or female , except for rams.

3- “Ram” only serves for the libations with a ram

4 –. “Sinner” serves for the three animals of the מצורע.

The משנה continues describing the method of this transaction which entailed first paying for a token and then picking up the correct amount of flour, oil and wine.

ד) מִי שֶׁהוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ נְסָכִים הוֹלֵךְ לוֹ אֵצֶל יוֹחָנָן שֶׁהוּא מְמֻנֶּה עַל הַחוֹתָמוֹת, נוֹתֵן לוֹ מָעוֹת וּמְקַבֵּל מִמֶּנּוּ חוֹתָם. בָּא לוֹ אֵצֶל אֲחִיָּה שֶׁהוּא מְמֻנֶּה עַל הַנְּסָכִים, וְנוֹתֵן לוֹ חוֹתָם וּמְקַבֵּל מִמֶּנּוּ נְסָכִים. וְלָעֶרֶב בָּאִין זֶה אֵצֶל זֶה, וַאֲחִיָּה מוֹצִיא אֶת הַחוֹתָמוֹת וּמְקַבֵּל כְּנֶגְדָּן מָעוֹת. וְאִם הוֹתִירוּ הוֹתִירוּ לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ. וְאִם פָּחָתוּ, הָיָה מְשַׁלֵּם יוֹחָנָן מִבֵּיתוֹ, שֶׁיַּד הֶקְדֵּשׁ עַל הָעֶלְיוֹנָה.

Whoever required נסכים would go to Yochanan, who was the officer for the token, give him money, and receive from him a token.

He would then go to Achyah, who was in charge of the נסכים , give him the token, and receive the נסכים from him.

In the evening, they would meet and Achyah would take out the tokens he collected and receive money for them.

If there was a surplus, the surplus would go to הקדש [be dedicated to the Temple treasury], but if there was a deficit, Yochanan would pay from his own funds, for the Temple has the upper hand.

We discussed the various scenarios of how there could be a shortage or surplus.

5 – In conclusion we mentioned the topic if a שול can be זוכה by the fact that an item was left in the Shul. In other words יש חצר להקדש או לא? Is a Shul הקדש? Or perhaps a ‘partnership’?

We spoke about the,תוספות, רשב”ם

אגודה, קצות and נתיבות, and see here

Tying this to the above:

The point of the חתם סופר as to why we assume that if there was  extra money at the end of the day it belonged to הקדש. If it was given in error and the giver was מייאש then why does it not belong to the manager? How did   הקדש acquire it? Is this proof that יש חצר להקדש?

 

גמר חתימה טובה!